TRAVELLERS ACCOUNT OF INDIA DRAFT

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hiSTORY OF INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE

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CLASSICAL DANCES OF INDIA 2018. India is known for its rich cultural legacy. Performing arts like classical dances are integral parts of  Indian culture . This is a mega-post which cover the details of all classical dances in India. Origin of classical dances Most of the classical dance forms originated in temples. Worshipping was the main aim. Although every dance form evolved from different regions, their roots are the same. The roots can be traced from the Sanskrit text –  ‘Natya Shastra’ . The first compilation of Natya Shastra is dated between 200BCE and 200CE. As time passed, artists improvised many classical dances which resulted in the present day forms. Today, Indian classical dances are very popular dance all over the world. Rasanubhuti: The 8 Rasas The  Rasanubhuti  is the ultimate aim of these dance forms. Natya Shastra speaks of  Eight Rasas . They are as following: Shringar: Love Hasya: Humorous Karuna: Sorrow Raudra: Anger Veer: Heroism
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ANCIENT INDIA-8 Sangam Age to Kalabhra

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The Sangam Age to Kalabhra Interregnum The Sangam Age constitutes an important chapter in the history of South India. the most probable date of the Sangam literature has been fixed between the third century B.C. to third century A.D. According to Tamil legends, there existed three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) in ancient Tamil Nadu popularly called Muchchangam under the royal patronage of the Pandyas The first Sangam, held at the Then Madurai , was attended by gods and legendary sages but no literary work of this Sangam was available. The second Sangam was held at Kapadapuram but the all the literary works had perished except Tolkappiyam. The third Sangam at Madurai was founded by Mudathirumaran . Sangam Literature Sangam literature includes Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and the two epics – Silappathigaram and Manimegalai. Tolkappiyam authored by Tolkappiyar is the earliest of the Tamil literature. It is a work
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EUROPEAN PENETRATION INTO INDIA

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The Portuguese The Portuguese traveler Vasco da Gama reached the port of Calicut on 17 May 1498 and he was warmly received by Zamorin , the ruler of Calicut. He returned to Portugal in the next year. Pedro Alvarez Cabral arrived in 1500 and Vasco da Gama also made a second trip in 1502. They established trading stations at Calicut, Cannanore and Cochin. The first governor of the Portuguese in India was Francis de Almeida. Later in 1509 Albuquerque was made the governor of the Portuguese territories in India. In 1510, he captured Goa from the ruler of Bijapur. Thereafter, Goa became the capital of the Portuguese settlements in India. Albuquerque captured Malacca and Ceylon. He also built a fort at Calicut. He encouraged his countrymen to marry Indian women. Albuquerque died in 1515 leaving the Portuguese as the strongest naval power in India. The successors of Albuquerque established Portuguese settlements at Daman, Salsette and Bombay on the
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